Wood Band Saw : A Comprehensive Guide

A wood band saw is a woodworking machine that rotates a flexible blade around two metal wheels under tension. Band saws can be used to cut boards along their length, resaw boards for veneers and thinner furniture parts, and cut curves. At the same time, it can be used in a variety of industries including cat scratching boards, corrugated paper, graphite carbon fiber, nylon insulation boards, and some other industries that require cutting.

The woodworking band saw machine is mainly composed of a bed, a saw wheel, an upper saw wheel lifting and lying device, a band saw blade tensioning device, a saw blade guide device, a workbench, a guide plate, etc. The bed is made of cast iron or steel plate welding. The saw wheel is divided into a spoke type and a cast wheel type; the lower saw wheel is the driving wheel, the upper saw wheel is the driven wheel, and the weight of the upper saw wheel should be 2.5~5 times lighter than the lower saw. The cutting speed of the band saw blade is usually 30~60m/s. Woodworking band saw machines are widely used in the wood industry and there are many models.

The woodworking band saw machine used in the lumber mill is different from the woodworking factory in its nature of operation. Cutting a huge log into square wood or boards is of course different from the requirements of sawing square wood or boards into small-sized square wood or boards in the woodworking factory. Therefore, the structure of the lumber mill band saw machine is sturdy, the horsepower is large, and the requirements for operating technology are also relatively high.

1.According to the purpose of the wood band saw machine

According to the purpose of the band saw machine, it is divided into three types: ordinary woodworking band saw machine, sports car woodworking band saw machine and joinery band saw machine.

•  Ordinary woodworking band saw machine

In the production line of the lumber workshop, this band saw machine is arranged after the sports car woodworking band saw machine, and is mainly used to saw square materials, thick plates or thick plate skins into thinner plates. Therefore, it is also called a small band saw or a re-splitting band saw machine. Band saw machines mostly use manual feeding, but can also use mechanical feeding.

• Sports car woodworking band saw machine

Commonly known as a large band saw. It is mainly used to saw logs into square materials or plates. This band saw machine has a larger saw wheel, generally above 1060mm, and the sports car is its feeding device. In the lumber workshop, it is arranged at the front of the production line.

• Joinery band saw machine

The saw wheel diameter of the band saw machine is generally less than 800mm. Most of them are fed manually and are widely used in joinery workshops and wood mold workshops to saw straight lines, curves and inclined surfaces less than 30°-40° of boards and square materials.

2.According to the arrangement of the saw wheel

According to the arrangement of the saw wheel, it can be divided into vertical woodworking band saw machines and horizontal woodworking band saw machines. At present, vertical woodworking band saw machines account for the majority.

• Horizontal woodworking band saw machine

This type of band saw machine is often used for sawing precious logs and extra-large diameter logs, and is more often used for re-splitting square materials or thick board skins; the sawing quality is high and convenient, and the production efficiency is high. Therefore, the use of horizontal band saw machines in some wood processing workshops in my country is gradually increasing.

• Vertical woodworking band saw machine

The two saw wheels of the vertical woodworking band saw machine are installed in parallel up and down. The line connecting the centers of the two saw wheels is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the saw wheel and the base plane, so the saw blade is in a vertical working position.

In order to facilitate the process layout of the wood processing workshop and the operation of workers, vertical woodworking band saws can be divided into left-type band saws and right-type band saws. From the perspective of the wood pushing direction, the band saw body on the right side of the band saw (the saw wheel rotates counterclockwise) is called a left-type woodworking band saw, and the body on the left side (the saw wheel rotates clockwise) is called a right-type woodworking band saw.

Horizontal wood band saw machine

The saw frame of the horizontal band saw machine is arranged horizontally or tilted, and it feeds in the vertical direction or in the direction of swinging around a pivot. The saw band generally changes 40° to keep the saw teeth perpendicular to the workpiece

The processing form of the horizontal band saw machine is completely opposite to that of the ordinary band saw machine. It uses the method of moving the saw head without moving the wood. Therefore, the horizontal band saw machine is not directly placed on the track, but is installed on the base by some small wheels, and then connected by the track and wheels. This design can reduce friction and make the horizontal band saw machine move back and forth more smoothly and quickly. The horizontal woodworking band saw machine is composed of a saw frame, a parallelogram adjustment device or four.

Vertical band saw machine

The saw frame of the vertical band saw machine is set vertically, and the workpiece moves during cutting. It is used to cut the curved contours of sheet materials and formed parts. The saw belt can also be replaced with a file chain or abrasive belt for filing or grinding.

Vertical band saw machines are divided into manual type (economical manual feeding and manual cutting of materials) and automatic type; according to the automation program of the controller, it can be divided into manual type (semi-automatic manual feeding) and fully automatic type (automatic feeding and automatic cutting); according to the cutting angle requirements, it can be divided into angle saw machines (can saw angles of 90 degrees and 45 degrees) and no angle, that is, 90 degrees vertical cutting.

1. The role of band saw blades

Band saw blades are a common cutting tool that can be used to cut materials such as wood and metal. Its functions mainly include the following aspects:

• High cutting accuracy: The cutting accuracy of band saw blades is higher than other cutting tools, and higher cutting accuracy can be achieved.
• Fast cutting speed: Compared with manual saws, band saw blades can cut faster, saving time and labor.
• Cutting durability: Band saw blades are made of high-strength materials such as carbide, which have strong durability and are not easy to damage.

2. Precautions for the use of band saw blades

The correct use of band saw blades can not only improve work efficiency, but also extend the service life of the tool. Here are some precautions:

• Choose the right band saw blade: Different materials require different band saw blades. Choosing an inappropriate band saw blade may result in poor cutting or damage to the cutting tool.
• Correctly adjust the tension of the band saw blade: Too much or too little tension will affect the cutting results. Generally, adjust according to the instructions on the band saw blade packaging to avoid being too tight or too loose.
• Master the operating skills: Correct operating skills can reduce wear and damage to the band saw blade. The operation must be performed in the correct order to avoid using too much force and bad skills.
• Regular maintenance and care: The band saw blade needs to be maintained and cared for regularly, including surface cleaning, lubrication, and checking the edge condition. This can extend the service life of the band saw blade.
• Safe use: When using a band saw blade, because its cutting speed is very fast, appropriate safety measures must be taken, such as wearing gloves and goggles.

1. Cutting speed problem of woodworking wood band saw

In the traditional cutting mode, the cutting speed is always based on the selected cutting depth and feed rate. Under the premise of ensuring a reasonable tool life, a more reasonable value is selected. This is because the cutting speed has a very obvious effect on the tool life. Generally speaking, increasing the cutting speed will greatly shorten the tool life. According to the high-speed cutting theory, when the cutting speed increases to a certain value, the cutting heat and cutting force that affect the tool life will be reduced to varying degrees, thereby improving the cutting conditions to a certain extent. In high-speed cutting processing, it is very important to determine the appropriate cutting speed. However, since different machine tools and tool materials have different cutting speeds when cutting different materials, only some process parameters are available for reference.

2. Reasons for the breakage of woodworking wood band saws

The reasons for the breakage of band saws are: 1. The weight is too heavy. 2. The tensioning device is designed to protect the saw blade. If the device fails, the band saw will lose protection and crack or break. 3. The saw wheel is eccentric, out of round or poorly balanced, which will cause the saw blade to vibrate, impact the saw blade, and break the saw blade. 4. The quality of the blade will be very poor. 5. The welding process of the saw blade is unqualified, and it is easy to break from the joint.

3.Adjustment of the use of the band saw on the wood band saw machine

In the process of wood processing, the weight of sawing, the labor intensity of pushing materials, the strength of saw teeth, the bluntness and durability of tooth edges, the processing quality, and the continuous cracking and firmness of the saw blade are directly affected by the tooth shape. Therefore, there is also such a saying in the industry: four points for bars, six points for frustration.

The adjustment of the file is the key link in the trimming of the saw blade, which directly affects the processing quality and service life of the saw blade. The standard sawing material should be: the front edge is straight, symmetrical on both sides, sharp on both wings, triangular in top view, uniform in size, without skew or false materials. The width of the sawn material should be 1-2 times the width of the saw blade.